SHI Cheng GAO Li-xin ZHANG Da-quan 2001年，Sharpless [1] [2-3] 关于叠氮化物和炔在无催化剂作用下可以进行环加成反应已有众多报道 [4] [5] [6] [1] [7] [8-9] [10] [11-12] [13] 1 点击化学在材料保护领域的应用 点击化学反应反应迅速、产物易纯化、操作简便 [13-18] 1.1 防护性材料的制备 点击化学反应具有反应位点专一、反应模块化等特点，可以简单高效地合成聚合物，所以在防腐蚀涂料领域得到了广泛的应用。Ireni等 [19] Kantheti等 [20-21] 12 [22] Sykam 等 [23] [19] [19] Vasiliu等 [24] [25] [25] 2 2 [26-30] [31] 点击化学反应因其优异特性，可以简单高效地合成聚合物，使其在聚合物性能开发方面发挥作用。此外点击化学反应与自我修复之间存在良好的相互作用，不仅可以利用点击化学反应修复材料的损伤，而且还可以利用点击反应检测损伤情况，实现材料失效的可视化 [32] 1.2 缓蚀剂合成方面的应用 在点击化学中，Cu(I)催化的叠氮基团与炔基团的反应是研究最广泛的一类点击化学反应。由于此类反应条件温和、反应迅速、产率高且绿色环保，近些年已被广泛应用于缓蚀剂合成。 González-Olvera 等 [33-34] [20] [20] [23] [23] [25] [25] [33] [33] Zhang等 [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] n n n [39] n n n [39] 三氮唑类化合物在缓蚀剂研究中具有重要作用。目前，点击化学反应在缓蚀剂方面的主要应用就是1,2,3-三唑类化合物的合成 [40] 1.3 表面修饰与改性的研究 Click化学因其简单高效的特性，为材料表面修饰提供了一种功能强大、用途广泛的工具 [13] [41] Gu等 [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] 2 WANG Y等人 [49-50] [46] [46] [50-51] [50-51] 为了实现高效、快速的表面修饰，研究者们研究了大量点击化学应用方法。与传统的耦合方法相比，点击化学反应方法已被证明在表面修饰与改性领域具有明显的优势，可以实现材料表面特定部位的局部修饰，具有可定量、可定位的特点，受到了众多研究者的关注，并且取得了许多重大研究成果 [51-56] 2 展望 1）点击化学反应已经从理论探索进入到实用技术开发等阶段，其反应条件十分温和，很多点击化学反应在室温下即可进行，而且产率高，操作简单便捷。众多科研成果表明，点击化学反应可以有效地改善一些传统有机合成方法的不足，并且能够广泛地应用于材料科学领域。 2）目前许多点击反应已经逐步应用于材料保护，但与有机化学反应库的庞大性相比，在材料保护领域得到应用的点击反应数量仍然很少。开拓点击化学反应的应用范围是目前急需开展的工作。开发新的点击反应的底物，无论是单体、聚合物、表面，还是生物分子，都将是至关重要的。 3）仍需对点击反应的催化剂和反应条件进行研究，以确定在何种情况下可以实现点击反应。可以预见，点击化学本身将作为一个优秀的“催化剂”，极大地促进材料科学的发展，在材料制备和材料表面修饰等方面具有广阔的应用前景。 参考文献： [1]KOLB H C, FINN M G, SHARPLESS K B. 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